Ford GPA, Ford GTB
Ford GPA
In 1941, marine architects Sparkman & Stevens designed a small amphibious vehicle using components from the Jeep. By December, Marmon-Herrington had built a prototype, with a second from Ford in February 1942. Following trials by the US Quartermaster Corps the Ford prototype was chosen for production. Designated GPA- OR " GP Amphibian"-the vehicle had a lightweight steel hull together with the Jeep engine, transmission and axles.Propulsion in the water was by a three-bladed propeller. Steering was by a boat-type rudder.
Although similar to the DUKW, it was not a success. On the road, the increased size of the body made the vehicle unwieldy. In the water there was insufficient freeboard when loaded, which reduced safe usage in choppy water. Production ended in June 1943 after about 12,785 vehicles had been built. Many were supplied to the Soviet Union.
Ford GTB
Dating from 1942, the Ford GTB was a low-profile forward-control truck developed for the US Quartermaster Corps for use in combat zones. During 1942, prototypes had been produced by Dodge, Ford, Chevrolet and others in the 3/4 and 1 1/2-ton weight classes. Despite testing continuing into 1944, the Ford GTB was the only vehicle to enter production.
The GTB was based on a commercial truck, and the low silhouette was achieved by placing the driver alongside the engine, which was offset to the right. The engine was a Ford six-cylinder driving live axles through a four-speed gearbox and two-speed transfer box. Both single and twin rear wheel variants were produced. Some were equipped with a front-mounted winch.
Total production was 15,274. The US Army and US Navy took 8,218 cargo vehicles(GTBA), and 7,066 of a Mk II variant were supplied to the US Navy.
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